攒“年味儿”：隆德花灯“扎”出幸福年******
(新春走基层)攒“年味儿”：隆德花灯“扎”出幸福年
中新网宁夏隆德1月12日电 题：攒“年味儿”：隆德花灯“扎”出幸福年
中新网记者 于晶
花灯，代表着喜庆，象征着祥和。兔年临近，宁夏固原市隆德县花灯制作技艺非遗传承人苏红章制作了一盏名为“前‘兔’似锦”的花灯，表达了花灯制作人的美好新春祝愿。
12日，记者探访隆德县花灯制作技艺非遗传承人苏红章的纯手工花灯制作工作室，感受花灯中“扎”出的浓浓“年味儿”。
这盏“前‘兔’似锦”花灯为传统手拉花灯，小兔子通体白色，眼耳口鼻都可活动，舌头贴有“金币”，意味招财进宝；腹部写有“福”字，意为福气到来；内部则采用明火为发光源，寓意兴旺红火。
苏红章制作的花灯。 受访者供图隆德花灯是一门传统手艺，采用纯手工制作，历史悠久，起源于西汉，盛于唐代，到了宋代遍及民间，是中国花灯艺术在西北地区的一支重要流派。在隆德，每到春节，家家户户门前都会挂上红红火火的花灯，表达美好期盼，祈愿幸福太平年。为了传承这门手艺，数十年间，苏红章设计花灯无数，近千张草图无一重复。
在苏红章看来，灯架是一盏花灯的灵魂。为了塑造最灵动的造型，在制作每一盏花灯之前，苏红章都要先画出草图，再根据草图，将苇料、竹料或高粱秆弯曲，用尺子精确量好距离，将不同尺寸、不同形状的材料绑扎固定，形成花灯的骨架。
“古老的花灯在骨架处的连接部分一般是用黑、白麻纸搓成纸捻子加以固定，后来为使花灯更加结实，就采用绑丝固定了。”苏红章一边制作花灯一边讲解着传承中的变化。
而变化不仅在于花灯骨架从芦苇、竹竿等变成了铁丝和钢丝，过去用来照明的蜡烛和油灯也被各色各样的彩灯所取代，糊裱花灯所用的纸张或者布匹，现在多采用丝绸、刺绣、绢布等。
说话间，一盏福禄寿三星灯的灯架就制作好了。接下来，就是剪彩纸、糊彩纸，贴流苏等工序，花灯的每处设计、每个细节，苏红章都谙熟于心。在苏红章看来，花灯承载着人们美好的愿望，因此在制作过程中，他将福禄寿等元素融入花灯中，让人们在赏花灯的同时感受到来自传统花灯和手工艺人的美好祝福。
苏红章告诉记者，扎花灯不仅是传承手工艺，也是为了留住人们记忆中的隆德。他将隆德的传统文化与花灯技艺相融合，也将这座城市许多人共同的家乡记忆藏进了手中的一盏盏花灯。一本本的画册，是他的人生记忆，也是隆德的城市记忆。
据苏红章回忆，儿时，每逢佳节，隆德夜晚的街道总是热闹的，老老少少在街边列队而站，闹花灯、马社火、舞狮……花灯伴随着传统民俗流转出不同的色彩，这些都是隆德这座城对于花灯的记忆。
“原以为随着时代的发展，老手艺会逐步淡出大众视线，没想到恰恰相反，如今还挺受市场欢迎的。”苏红章说，尽管时代在变化，工艺在进步，但传统手工艺呈现出的吉祥如意没有变，百姓对美好生活的追求没有变，节日的欢乐气氛没有变。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。  资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle. 
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